Genetic History & Men

Robert Hooke(1635-1703)

• First cells observed through a microscope
• Named cells after a honeycomb like structure in which monks lived called CELLS
• realized living matter AND nonliving matter have cells

Renaissance People(14th and 16th century)

• Parent's body carried reproductive cells that contained WHOLE offspring, which grew into organisms once placed in the correct environment (mommy's tummy)
• looked like parents

Aristotle(384-322BC)AKA Father of Bio

• observed that some individuals resemble their remote ancestors more than their immediate parents
• males provided offspring, females provided growing environment
• organisms that lost body parts during their life didn't pass it on to offspring
• **EPIGENESIS**offspring is gradually generated from an undifferentiated mass by the addition of parts
• thought genes were passed through blood (blood lines)

Charles Darwin&Alfred Wallace(1858)

• **NATURAL SELECTION**members of a population who are better adapted to their environment will be the ones most likely to survive and pass their genes on 
• My translation: The smart  guys in high school who become very successful, are able to take care of a wife, therefore they have kids and their smart gene is passed on. Or it could be the attractive athletic quarterback who may not be as successful but still gets married and has kids, passing on his own little future athletes. However, the lazy unattractive guys who don't get jobs, won't be able to have kids, therefore not passing on their unwanted genes. Same goes for women.  It's kind of hard to demonstrate natural selection with humans since it's kinda hard for us to die and easy for us to find mates that fit for us. But with animals where competition determines them a mate, the stronger ones have more offspring, therefore making more strong babies. Therefore evolving into better creatures.

Renè Dutrochet(1776-1874)

• both plant and animal tissue have cells

Matthias Schielden(1838)Theodor Schwann(1839)

• All plants have cells 
• Animals have cells
• All cells are created through the same process
• A cell is the simplest form of life that can exist independently

Rudolph Virchow(1821-1902)

• Cells reproduce by themselves!

August Weissmann(1889-1892)

• genetic code for each organism is contained in its germ cell (cells that create sperm and egg)
• genetic material doesn't double when cells replicate (biological control of chromosomes that occurred during the formation of the egg and sperm
• **MITOSIS**produces cells that are genetically identified to the parent cells
• **MEIOSIS**cell division that reduces the amount of the genetic material in the gametes by 1/2. (reduction division)
• physical characteristics acquired from the environment aren't passed down

Gregor Mendel(1822-1884)

• Traits come in pairs-one from each parent
• One trait will assume dominance over the other
• The dominant trait is the one that appears more frequently and the recessive trait appears less
• Laws of Heredity(1866)

1. Two heredity factors exist for each characteristic or trait
2. Heredity factors are contained in equal numbers in the gametes
3. The gametes contain only one factor for each characteristic or trait
4. Gametes combine randomly, no matter which heredity factors they carry
5. When gametes are formed, different hereditary factors sort independently