Goldy

Here is a picture that represents Goldy even though she has slightly more yellow.

Tail Color: Yellow

Tail Shape: Round
Body Color: Albino
Dorsal/pelvic Fin Color: yellow
Leopard Spots: N/A

Tail Shapes

Here is a good description and chart of guppy tail shapes.

Leo & Goldy

I have decided to breed my golden/yellow female, Goldy (I have decided to name her for future references), and my leopard male, Leo. I chose them because Goldy is my healthiest female and Leo has his leopard print that makes him unique among the others. At this moment the two are in a separated section inside the male tank. I will remove the female and put her in a small breeder back in the female tank when she shows signs of pregnancy.

Goal: Determine alleles as dominant or recessive

Phenotypes that will be observed:

Leopard spots
Tail shape
Body color
Tail color
Dorsal/pelvic fin color

Leopard Gene

I'm starting to observe very small specks and dots (leopard) on some of the newer offspring. Since all 5 of my parents don't have any spots, I guess the leopard gene is recessive because you can't see it. Recessive genes skip generations.   






Out of my 7 males, there is only one with that leopard like pattern. I'm naming him Leo for future reference even though I prefer NOT to name my fish.

Genetic History & Men

Robert Hooke(1635-1703)

• First cells observed through a microscope
• Named cells after a honeycomb like structure in which monks lived called CELLS
• realized living matter AND nonliving matter have cells

Renaissance People(14th and 16th century)

• Parent's body carried reproductive cells that contained WHOLE offspring, which grew into organisms once placed in the correct environment (mommy's tummy)
• looked like parents

Aristotle(384-322BC)AKA Father of Bio

• observed that some individuals resemble their remote ancestors more than their immediate parents
• males provided offspring, females provided growing environment
• organisms that lost body parts during their life didn't pass it on to offspring
• **EPIGENESIS**offspring is gradually generated from an undifferentiated mass by the addition of parts
• thought genes were passed through blood (blood lines)

Charles Darwin&Alfred Wallace(1858)

• **NATURAL SELECTION**members of a population who are better adapted to their environment will be the ones most likely to survive and pass their genes on 
• My translation: The smart  guys in high school who become very successful, are able to take care of a wife, therefore they have kids and their smart gene is passed on. Or it could be the attractive athletic quarterback who may not be as successful but still gets married and has kids, passing on his own little future athletes. However, the lazy unattractive guys who don't get jobs, won't be able to have kids, therefore not passing on their unwanted genes. Same goes for women.  It's kind of hard to demonstrate natural selection with humans since it's kinda hard for us to die and easy for us to find mates that fit for us. But with animals where competition determines them a mate, the stronger ones have more offspring, therefore making more strong babies. Therefore evolving into better creatures.

Renè Dutrochet(1776-1874)

• both plant and animal tissue have cells

Matthias Schielden(1838)Theodor Schwann(1839)

• All plants have cells 
• Animals have cells
• All cells are created through the same process
• A cell is the simplest form of life that can exist independently

Rudolph Virchow(1821-1902)

• Cells reproduce by themselves!

August Weissmann(1889-1892)

• genetic code for each organism is contained in its germ cell (cells that create sperm and egg)
• genetic material doesn't double when cells replicate (biological control of chromosomes that occurred during the formation of the egg and sperm
• **MITOSIS**produces cells that are genetically identified to the parent cells
• **MEIOSIS**cell division that reduces the amount of the genetic material in the gametes by 1/2. (reduction division)
• physical characteristics acquired from the environment aren't passed down

Gregor Mendel(1822-1884)

• Traits come in pairs-one from each parent
• One trait will assume dominance over the other
• The dominant trait is the one that appears more frequently and the recessive trait appears less
• Laws of Heredity(1866)

1. Two heredity factors exist for each characteristic or trait
2. Heredity factors are contained in equal numbers in the gametes
3. The gametes contain only one factor for each characteristic or trait
4. Gametes combine randomly, no matter which heredity factors they carry
5. When gametes are formed, different hereditary factors sort independently

Sources

Checked out a couple of books today on fish and genetics from the Haverford Library:


101 Essential Tips: Aquarium Fish
Dick Mills
The step-by-step series that brings expert advice at an affordable price. Breaks down key information on caring for your aquarium fish into 101 easy-to-grasps tips.

Focus on Freshwater Aquarium Fish
Geoff Rogers & Nick Fletcher
A photographic book of aquarium freshwater fish listed by common and Latin name and divided by family groupings with details on the size and characteristics of each. 


Aquarium Fish of the World
Ivan Petrovicky
A comprehensive illustrated guide to over 500 aquarium fish. 

Amazing Schemes within Your Genes
Dr. Fran Balkwill
Discusses the structure and function of genes, their adaptations and mutations, and basic genetic processes, particularly as they occur in humans.

The DNA Detectives
Anna Meyer
How the double helix is solving puzzles of the past. 

Genetics Rabbit Example

Used this whole example from www.biotopics.co.uk/newgcse/rabbitgenetics.ppt and used a little of my previous knowledge from last year in 8th grade when we learned a little about genetics.

This is a "family tree" of rabbits. Right now Im focusing on coat color as an example. The offspring proportion I'm using is the estimated, but not always that exact.

MOM                                                    DAD

Albino (Recessive)              Brown (Dominant)
aa                                                          BB

OFFSPRING: 100% Dominant (BROWN)

BaBa
BaBa


Now take one of those and breed it with another one...

Brown (Dominant)                    Brown (Dominant)

Ba                                               Ba

Dominant(Brown)=75%    Recessive(Albino)=25%

                BB 
                  Ba

Ba

  aa 

So the offspring of two BROWN rabbits don't always have to be brown as well, because if they BOTH have an heterozygous genotype, then their recessive genes could make a recessive baby.

If you have a dominant phenotype, then you COULD have an invisible recessive allele in your genotype.

This is why sometimes your mom and your dad could both have brown hair, and all of your brothers and sisters have brown hair too, but you end up with blonde hair.